1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubona ibikoresho byo hanze?
Ibikoresho byo hanze bivuga kwitabira ubukerarugendo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura kandi ibikorwa byo hanze bikenera gushyiraho ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, birimo imifuka yo hanze, inkweto zo hanze, imyenda yo hanze, ibikoresho byimyenda, ibikoresho byo gukambika nibindi.Iterambere ryibikoresho byo hanze bifitanye isano rya hafi niterambere ryimikino yo hanze.Mu bihugu n’uturere twinshi ku isi, Uburayi na Amerika bifata iyambere mu guteza imbere siporo yo hanze, akaba ari inzira yingenzi y’ubuzima ku bantu.Uburayi na Amerika bifite icyifuzo gihamye kandi kirambye kubikoresho byo hanze.Imikino yo hanze yavutse mugihugu cyacu mumyaka 80, iterambere risubira inyuma.Mu myaka yashize, itangazwa rya politiki y’imyororokere y’igihugu n’ibibazo by’iki cyorezo byashishikarije abaturage bo mu rugo gukambika ingando, RV n’indi mikino yo hanze, bituma icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho byo hanze cyiyongera, kandi inganda ziratera imbere byihuse kandi byerekana inzira yo gukura guhoraho.
Igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira mu nganda ziva hanze yari miliyari 169.03, yiyongereyeho 6.4% umwaka ushize.Mu 2021, igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira mu nganda zo hanze ku isi cyari miliyari 181.235 z'amadolari, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 13.3%;Ingano yinjira mu nganda zikomoka mu Bushinwa ziva hanze zari miliyari 183.180, ziyongereyeho 8.2% umwaka ushize.
Ku bijyanye no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byose hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa, byibasiwe n’iki cyorezo, ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho gato, bikagera kuri miliyari 24.52 na miliyari 13.88 muri 2020, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwa -2% na -2 %.Mugihe icyorezo kigenda gitera imbere no gukenera siporo yo hanze yiyongera, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byose hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byo hanze biteganijwe ko bizagenda byiyongera mugihe kiri imbere.
Kuva mu marushanwa, ibicuruzwa byo hanze byatangiye bitinze, kandi isoko ryigaruriwe nibirango mpuzamahanga bifite isoko ryiza cyane kandi rikomeye ryumwuga nubuhanga.Ibirango byinshi byimbere mu gihugu byibanda kumasoko yo hasi, kandi isoko ni rito.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu, umugabane wisoko ryibigo byaho wiyongereye.
Mu bihe biri imbere, haracyari icyuho kinini hagati yo kwitabira siporo yo hanze ndetse n’inganda zingana n’urwego rw’Uburayi na Amerika.Urebye igipimo cyo kwitabira hanze, Ubushinwa bugera ku 10% gusa, mu gihe Amerika, Ubudage, Ubwongereza ndetse n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi, umubare w’imikino yo hanze uri hejuru ya 50%.Kubwibyo, hari umwanya munini wo kunoza igipimo cyo kwitabira hanze, kandi isoko ryibicuruzwa byo hanze biracyakoreshwa.Biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2025, ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga byinjira mu mahanga bizagera kuri miliyari 236.34 z'amadolari ya Amerika, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.4%;Igipimo cy’amafaranga yinjira mu nganda zikomoka mu Bushinwa zageze kuri miliyari 240.96, ziyongereyeho 6.5% umwaka ushize.
2.Gusesengura inzira yiterambere ryinganda zo hanze
Isoko ryibicuruzwa byo hanze mubushinwa biri mubyiciro byiterambere ryihuse.Bitewe numubare muto winjira mubyiciro byambere byinganda, ibintu byo guhatanira ababana bahuje ibitsina biragaragara kuri ubu.Ibirango byimbere mu gihugu birimo guhindura imico iranga ibicuruzwa binyuze mubucuruzi butandukanye, kandi byibanda mumijyi ya kabiri nicyiciro cya gatatu ikwirakwizwa ryinshi, kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa n'imbaraga zo guhatana bigenda bitera imbere.Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’Ubushinwa ryashizeho uburyo bwo kwinjirana no guhatana hagati y’ibirango mpuzamahanga n’ibirango byo mu gihugu.Intego yibanze mumarushanwa yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva mumarushanwa ya mbere yumusaruro nigiciro kugeza kumarushanwa yumuyoboro, hanyuma kugeza kurwego rwo guhatanira ibicuruzwa.Amarushanwa yinganda azaza azatera imbere cyane agana imbaraga zuzuye zamarushanwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-18-2022